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Posts Tagged ‘Native American’

There were many wonderful workshops at the INAFA convention in Eau Claire, WI. From Frank “Anakwad” Montano, I learned about listening in silence to my surroundings, and from Ann Licater/Jeff Oster I learned about the art of improvisation. On the second morning of the convention, I awoke early and took a couple flutes to find a quiet place outside to play. I didn’t much feel like walking down to the Chippewa River, and settled instead for a nearby park bench beneath a pine tree. It wasn’t an ideal spot … apartments behind me, a road in front of me — though it was a pleasant, cool morning with a gentle breeze.

I thought to begin playing, then remembered the words of Anakwad … instead closed my eyes, centered myself, and just listened. Birds, wind blowing the leaves, traffic — a lot of traffic from a main highway about two blocks away. I remembered what Ann had said about conversing through the flute and began to talk to the birds, playing short phrases, listening carefully to their response, answering in turn. I began to lament the sounds of cars accelerating and stopping. Occasionally, one whooshed by in front of me, distracting me from my conversation. Though I was annoyed, the birds didn’t seem to care. They kept singing their beautiful music, three or four separate flocks of them and one lone voice that rose above the rest. I talked to them all and found that my mood was changing. We began to share the beauty and happiness of the song. We found communion, and the cars no longer mattered. When another one drove past, I simply played a happier melody.

When I opened my eyes, I happened to look down at my feet and saw an ant hill … but no ants. I had been playing a mid Fm from Colyn Petersen but now switched to a high Bm from Randy Stenzel. The birds, a thought, a voice … I don’t know, but something told me to play to the ants and call them forth from the earth. So I closed my eyes and played for awhile, then opened one eye … still no ants. I closed my eyes and played again, longer this time and with more heart, opened one eye … again no ants. I complained to the birds, but they just laughed and counseled patience. I kept playing and playing, then once more opened an eye … finally, lo and behold, a single ant poked its head out of the hole, followed by another and another. My music had called forth ants into the light of day!

My job was done, so I quickly packed up my flutes, headed back to the dorm, and reflected on my experience. I wondered for instance why I chose to play a mid Fm for the birds and a high Bm for the ants. If I had thought about it much, I would have reversed this and played the higher key for the birds, the lower one for the ants. Perhaps I was trying not only to sing the ants up out of the earth but also sing the birds down out of the trees. I was, in essence, calling them to me, perhaps to show them what I had learned.

But then something strange happened. My perspective began to shift. It occurred to me that the birds had lifted me up to their song, that they had taught me what I hadn’t yet learned about singing in traffic. The ants had brought me down to their level, taught me patience and how to emerge from my own dark hole into the light of day. Both the birds and the ants taught me something about de-centering the ego and communing with nature. Expectation has it that we try to imitate the birds with a higher key flute, or imitate the ants with a lower key. Turns out I wasn’t imitating either one, but speaking from my own stance. I was unconsciously “imitating” myself. In doing so, a separation between myself and the nature I was attempting to converse with was revealed, and only then — when I became aware of it — could I really begin to understand and communicate with birds and ants. As a result, I came to find peace with the traffic as I focused more on the beauty surrounding me … the pleasant morning, the birds and trees, the earth, a nearby fountain filled with water.

Some will argue that interpretations of experience are meaningless or relative, but I think they are crucial to self-discovery, transformation, and growth. Birds and ants, and all things — even traffic — are conduits for revelation if only we will listen.

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Bill Miller and Me

Bill Miller and Me

Not often does a performer of Bill Miller’s stature come to perform at Lincoln Land Community College, where I teach. How great to take a break from grading papers in the middle of the day, take the elevator downstairs, and settle into a front-row seat to watch a two-time grammy winner, as well as winner of many Native American music awards. He began by playing four tunes to each direction of the winds, on High Spirits flutes by Odell Borg. He told stories of growing up on the reservation in northern Wisconsin, attending art school in Milwaukee, and how we all need to experience other cultures and settings outside our comfort zones–things we can’t read in a book or learn from television. He played guitar and sang an eclectic blend of music from Native American songs to the Allman Brothers and Bob Dylan. I’m here to tell you he plays a wicked good blues guitar, having learned from players on Maxwell Street in Chicago during the 1970s. What a privilege it was to talk to him afterwards, pick up a couple of his CDs (Cedar Dream Songs and a new release Spirit Wind North), and have my photo taken with him. Thanks, Bill. Your influence will always have a positive effect on me.

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Dragonfly Emerging from Larval Stage“Just be yourself,” people tell us when they think we’re trying to be something we’re not. But I wonder what this really means—to be yourself. How do we distinguish between an authentic self and an inauthentic one? Does our concept of self—who we are—imply that we are static entities? All we have to do is find our true self, and we’ll become whole and complete? Or are we already whole and complete … all we have to do is cast off what doesn’t belong? These questions arose in the context of thinking about Martin Gardner’s essay “Did Adam and Eve Have Navels?” collected in a work with the same title (Did Adam and Eve Have Navels? Debunking Pseudoscience). Some creationists, he writes, argue that God brought forth mature trees where none before existed, complete with annual growth rings. Are we like these trees, in which growth is implied but of inexplicable origin or inconsequential value? Do we define an authentic self only at the point of our creation, or only at the point of our current state of existence? My own belief is that I am a work in progress, that my concept of self undergoes continual transformation.

 

The concept of transformation implies several additional ideas worth reflecting on … origins and end points, for World's Oldest Fluteexample, and current states of being. Origins imply the idea of being first in some respect, but even this simple statement requires clarification. There are first flutes, as discovered by archaeologists; and there are stories about first flutes, as discovered in the written literature. But also there are almost certainly yet undiscovered flutes predating recent finds in southern Germany—bone and ivory flutes dating to the Paleolithic period 40,000 years ago—and there were many stories about flutes circulating in oral cultures long before the invention of writing. We might even refer to the first idea of a flute in the mind of paleolithic or neanderthal man before he ever thought to fashion one for himself. And let’s not forget my first flute, or even my first F# or my first from a particular maker. It’s said that you never forget your first—but there may be lots of other firsts in competition. These, though, will suffice to make my point.

 

My point is this: While it’s true that I haven’t forgotten my first flute, or my first serious experience of hearing one played, I also haven’t forgotten the one I’m playing right now—or the ones I will play tomorrow … or the ones on order that I have yet to see or play … or the ones I plan to order some day … or the ones I don’t yet even know about. Each flute has its own song. Each inspires me in a different way. Each participates in my continual transformation of self. More importantly, each flute challenges me to transcend my concept of self and partake in a higher order of being—for me, this means a higher order of humanity. Mythology inhabits the murky realm between gods and man, or between man and beasts. It’s where our awareness of the “first tree” or the “first flute” confronts the dreamy, silent past or the dreamy, silent future. To “just be yourself,” I think, means to set aside these impractical dreams which make transformation possible. Mythology both obscures and reveals to us who and what we are, hence the paradox.

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Just returned from the Lakeside Music & Arts Festival in Decatur. The venue was noisy with sounds of speeding motorboats, popping balloons (from a balloon artist), and competing acts–and a bit too windy for mics and flutes. But the weather was otherwise nearly perfect–especially after yesterday’s cancellation due to rain–and I had a blast. Below is a short video shot by my 6-year-old son Ingmar Berg … err … Nate Van Heuklom entitled My Dad–The World’s Greatest Flute Player. It’s destined to become a classic, in my household at least. Acknowledgments are due also to Mary Youngblood for “Beneath the Raven Moon,” played by me on an old-growth redwood Fm by J.P. Gomez of Heartsong Flutes. “Who Am I?” is played on a western red cedar Em by Colyn Petersen of Woodland Voices. “Amazing Grace” and “Simple Gifts” are played on a western red cedar Gm by Colyn Petersen.

 

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Due to stormy weather, all Saturday (July 4) performances at the Decatur Lakeside Music & Arts Festival have been cancelled. As far as I know, Sunday (July 5) is still a go. Look for me at 1:05 p.m. and 2:40 p.m. in the Nelson Park amphitheater. See below for details.

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Lakeside Music & Arts Festival
This weekend, July 4th and 5th, I will be performing four shows at the Lakeside Music & Arts Festival in Decatur, Illinois–Saturday at 12:00 noon and again at 1:35 p.m., and Sunday at 1:05 p.m. and again at 2:40 p.m. All shows will be at the Nelson Park amphitheater east of the Beach House Restaurant.

 

Family-oriented daytime hours for the festival are 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Night time entertainment starts at 6 p.m. and runs until 10:30 p.m. According to the festival’s website, this “top shelf undertaking spotlights the best in art, music, theater arts and culinary arts.” I’m deeply honored to be included in this year’s events.

 

The festival is located at the Nelson Park Boat Basin (2301 E. Lake Shore Drive) in Decatur. From Springfield, take I-72/US-36 East. At Decatur, keep right to take US-36 East via exit 133A and continue for 7.4 miles. Turn right onto IL-105 and go less than a mile before turning left onto Lakeshore Drive.

 

Hope to see you there. Stop by and say hello if you get a chance. Stay late and enjoy the fireworks!

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Dazzle_of_Dragonflies
Many superstitions surround the dragonfly. Some of them are reported in a brilliantly illustrated book by entomologists Forrest L. Mitchell and James L. Lasswell entitled A Dazzle of Dragonflies. One such belief is that dragonflies are poisonous and that their sting is fatal. They are said to be servants to snakes and the devil. Still today, one common name for the dragonfly in the U.S. is “devil’s darning needle.” They are to be avoided at all costs. The book’s authors assure us that these beliefs aren’t true, but they also admit that dragonfly lore is beyond their expertise. Truth can be powerful medicine, although many people resist it. But stories can be powerful medicine, too–or powerful poison.

 

Native American writer Thomas King (The Truth about Stories) tells us that we are our stories. We have to be careful with them because, as he says, they contain “relationships that help to define the nature of the universe and how cultures understand the world in which they exist.” Truth would seem to eliminate the need for stories, reducing existence to little more than biological and physical facts, which is fine if you’re a rock, an ocean wave or a fruit fly. But since we’re self-aware, self-conscious humans we need stories to define who we are. We might say that fiction is our truth–that it provides meaning, purpose, direction to our lives.

 

Truth is, Dragonfly might be poisonous after all. He can make people fearful and angry. He can fill them with shame. He can, it is said, sew up the fingers and mouths of nagging women, mouthy children and men who cuss up a blue storm. One story says he can fly right into your ear and penetrate your brain. It’s true … I swear! He really can! In fact, he has just penetrated your brain and is waiting there now for your response. The dragonfly is a trickster, though. A.R. Campbell (Bats, Mosquitoes, and Dollars) referred to the dragonfly in 1925 as “man’s best friend in the insect world” (qtd. in Mitchell, Lasswell). He can cure malaria by eating mosquitoes. I swear … this, too, is true.

 

The devil may be in your own mind, and so may the healer … the good and bad together, says a Lakota man I know about. A constant refrain in King’s book, referred to above, is that (in my partly paraphrased, partly quoted version) you may do whatever you want with the story–scoff at it, dismiss it, forget about it. Just don’t say that if you had heard it earlier you would have lived your life differently. “You’ve heard it now.”

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Apollo_with_RavenAmazing what we will see if we just start looking and asking questions. One thing leads to another, connections are made, knowledge and understanding expand. Maybe the world makes a little more sense, or maybe we just learn to appreciate common motifs interpreted through different perspectives. As I was looking at images of the Greek god Apollo, I noticed this one with a black bird in it and immediately thought of Rainbow Crow who became blackened by soot bringing fire from the Creator to his animal pals slowly freezing to death on earth (see last post). I figured the bird must have some meaning, so I Googled it.

 

Apollo, the sun god–and god of music and reason–had many lovers. One was Coronis, who was pregnant with his child. In one of his many absences, he became fearful that she would take another lover, so he enlisted the help of a white raven to spy on her. The news wasn’t good, and in his anger Apollo turned the white raven black. He also killed Coronis but saved the child and named him Asclepius, then trained him in the healing arts. Asclepius, we may know, grew up to become the “father of modern medicine.”

 

It might be easy to feel sorry for the raven (an example of “shooting” the messenger), but after all it’s a symbol of change, a symbol of the passage from innocence to knowledge–and like Rainbow Crow, the raven is rewarded by becoming sacred to Apollo. In the background, I hear dragonfly whispering to me, warning that I might get burned for curiosity but also reassuring me that the rewards might be great. Maybe it will give birth to a great healing.

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Rainbow_Crow_FluteThe story of Rainbow Crow first came to me through Billy Crowbeak (Woodpecker Creations) who made the beautiful flute shown here. It originates from the Lenni Lenape tribe and is retold by S.E. Schlosser. You may want to read it here (Rainbow Crow) before continuing.

 

When I first read the story, I thought immediately of the ancient Greek myth of Prometheus, whose name means “forethought.” He was the Titan who stole fire from Zeus and gave it to primitive man, who in turn used it to prosper and grow. Whereas Prometheus resorted to trickery and deceit, Rainbow Crow exchanged his beautiful song for fire, willingly bestowed by Creator. The other animals (no mention is made of humans) are saved from certain death under a freezing blanket of snow. Both Prometheus and Rainbow Crow sacrifice themselves for the benefit of others, both are “punished” or in some way humbled, and both find release or compensation from their trials.

 

Whatever the true origin of fire—whether from the gods, Creator, or some accident of nature—we might understand it in both literal and metaphorical terms. On the literal level, fire allowed us to warm ourselves and cook our food (helping to kill germs and preserve meat). On a metaphorical level, fire is often associated with thought, with an idea. Today, we think of a light bulb switching on in our heads. We might wonder … before primitive man had the capacity to ideate—to picture the concept of a god or the uses to which fire might be put—what sparked the first imagination, and what price did that person have to pay for introducing potentially terrifying new ideas into the community?

 

Rainbow Crow loses his bright colors, blackened by the soot of a flaming branch, and his beautiful song is reduced by smoke to a harsh, guttural “caw.” Creator, however, ensures that he will be protected and honored for his sacrifice. In my own continuing story, dragonfly instructs me to play the flute just as Rainbow Crow sings, and to wait patiently and humbly for unexpected gifts bestowed by Creation.

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text_leaderHow does a trained skeptic write about a “mythology” he doesn’t quite believe in or comprehend because he stands outside of the culture that produced it? I’m not just talking about Native American stories, either. In school, we often study stories as if they were lifeless insects impaled through the heart by long, sharp needles affixing them to a bed of white cotton. It isn’t often possible to immerse ourselves in living oral traditions we aren’t part of, and even if we could we’d always be outsiders to some degree, ethnographers rather than full participants. Still, we might learn something by exploring the ironies, the distance between illusions and reality … we might even lessen the gap a little among skeptics and believers—assuming this is a worthy goal, and I believe it is.

 

With the best of intentions, a desire for truth and wisdom, is it still possible to be misled by the dragonfly guide–to steal or misappropriate stories that don’t really belong to us because they must be lived to be understood, not interpreted? Whose story is being told or retold? Whose purpose is being served? Whose well being? Recently, I was led to a book that should become essential reading before anyone embarks on this journey of the dragonfly.

 

A Broken Flute: The Native Experience in Books for Children is an encyclopedic collection of critical reviews of books written about Native Americans for children between the early 1900s and 2003, along with stories, essays and poems from its contributors. In an “Open Letter to a Non-Indian Teacher,” a mother asks “What values, class prejudices, and moral principles do you take for granted as universal? [….] Can you help [my child] acquire the intellectual skills he needs without at the same time imposing your values on top of those he already has?” That’s a tall order, for sure, but one that can’t be ignored because lives and identities are at stake.

 

Three children’s books about Kokopelli are reviewed, all written since 2000 and “all written by cultural outsiders,” the reviewer informs us. She goes on: “[They] will undoubtedly appeal to people who collect Kokopelli lamps, Kokopelli coasters, Kokopelli napkin rings, Kokopelli-printed toilet paper, and the like.” She cites an unnamed but well-known Hopi storyteller who says “In our traditional beliefs, Kokopelli is a Katsina of fertility, he is a deity. He does not go around playing a flute; he’s carrying a cane or rod. And he’s not a ‘humpback,’ he’s carrying a burden. Whenever he appears in our rituals, he is copulating. When the Katsinam come out, he goes around trying to hump people. Grown men run from him! It would be more appropriate to put his image on a bottle of Viagra or on a condom vending machine than in a children’s book.” The storyteller remains anonymous not from a desire to hide but because it is considered impolite to make others appear foolish or stupid.

 

And so … at the risk of making myself appear foolish or stupid without help from anyone, my journey with dragonfly continues. I invite your comments.

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